TUGAS RANGKUMAN MATERI SEMESTER1. MATKUL BAHASA INGGRIS 2 . 1EA22 .

RANGKUMAN MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS SEMESTER 1

I.                Part Of Speech

1.      Pronoun (Kata ganti)

Part of speech ini berfungsi untuk menggantikan kata benda baik orang maupun sesuatu. Perhatikan table pronoun (kata ganti berikut ini). Silakan baca artikel tentang pronoun dan fungsinya untuk penjelasan lebih lengkap.

2.     Adjective (Kata sifat)

Part of speech ini berfungsi untuk menjelaskan kata benda. Contoh adjective : Sad, happy, beautiful, crazy, patient, polite, handsome, etc.

Contoh kalimat:

·       She is happy

·       I have a funny cat.

·       That is a wonderful idea.

3.      Nouns (Kata benda)

Part of speech ini berfungsi untuk menamai orang, hewan, tempat, benda, etc.

Contoh noun: car, police, teacher, sky, etc.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata benda dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa macam, silakan baca artikel pengertian dan macam kata bendadalam bahasa Inggris.

4.      Conjunction (Kata Penghubung)

Part of speech ini berfungsi untuk menhubungkan kata dengan kata, frasa dengan frasa atau kalimat dengan kalimat. Contoh conjunction: and, yet, but, before, after, therefore, otherwise etc. Silakan baca artikel tentang conjunction disini: pengertian conjunction, arti an fungsinya untuk penjelasan yang lebih lengkap.

Contoh kalimat:

·       She had gone home before I met her last night.

·       They will come to my house and his house to have a meal.

5.     Adverb (Kata keterangan)

Part of speech ini berfungsi untuk menjelaskan kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), atau menjelaskan adverb lainnya. ada 7 macam adverb, adverb of time, place, manner, degree, frequency, modality, dan focus.

Contoh adverb: now (time), seriously (manner), there (place), always (frequency)

Contoh kalimatnya:

·       I want to visit her now.

·       She is studying English seriously.

6.     Verb (Kata kerja)

Part of speech ini berfungsi untuk menyatakan tindakan, yang menghasilkan suatu aktivitas. Contoh verb: bring, play, increase, improve, drive, etc.

Contoh kalimat:

·       I drive a car very slowly

·       We need to improve out speaking skill.

7.     Interjection (Kata seru)

Part of speech adalah ucapan pendek (kata seru) yang berfungsi untuk menyampaikan sebuah emosi, sapaan etc. Contohnya: Hi!, Hello!, alas!, ouch!

Contoh kalimat:

·       Ouch! It hurts, you know!!

·       Hello, My name is Dhila.

8.     Preposition (Kata depan)

Part of speech ini biasanya dirangkai bersama dengan noun atau pronoun untuk membentuk sebuah phrase yang menjelaskan verb, noun, dan adjective. Silakan baca artikel kami: pengertian dan macam prepositionuntuk penjelasan yang lebih lengkap. Contoh preposition: in, at, on, for, above, under etc.

Contoh kalimat:

·       My cat sleeps under the tree.

·       She put the book on the table.

II.              Singular and Plural

Jika suatu benda (thing) tersebut berjumlah hanya satu (tunggal), maka benda tersebut adalah singular (tunggal). Dan jika jumlahnya lebih dari satu (banyak), maka benda tersebut adalah plural (jamak).

Dalam kasus ini, bentuk singular and plural sering digunakan pada nouns (kata benda) untuk menunjukkan apakah kata benda tersebut jumlahnya tunggal atau jamak.

Biasanya pada kata benda (nouns), untuk menandakan atau menunjukkan bahwa kata benda tersebut jamak, kita cukup menambahkan akhiran “–s/-es” diakhir katanya. Tetapi ada beberapa yang tidak menggunakan akhiran “–s/-es”.

Untuk menandakan bentuk singular, kita perlu menambakan artikel “-a/ -an” sebelum kata bendanya (nouns). Contohnya:

·       An apple = 1 apel/ sebuah apel.

(menggunakan “an” karena kata benda “apple” diawali dengan huruf vokal “a”)

·       A table = 1 meja/ sebuah meja.

(menggunakan “a” karena kata benda “table” diawali dengan huruf konsonan “t”)

CATATAN:

Sedangkan untuk subject:

·       I, He, She, It = Singular (Tunggal).

·       You, They, We = Plural (Jamak)

Untuk subject "YOU" bisa tunggal / jamak (kamu 1 orang / lebih). Sedangkan subject "THEY" yang memiliki arti mereka, bisa digunakan untuk mewakili benda/ binatang yang berjumlah lebih dari 1 (jamak).

Contoh Kalimat Singular (Tunggal):

·       He is a student in the Gunadarma University.

(Artinya: Dia adalah siswa di Universitas Gunadarma)

·       My class is beautiful.

(Artinya: Kelas saya indah)

Contoh Kalimat Plural (Jamak):

·       The Dean meets her students in front of the office.

(Artinya: Dekan bertemu dengan siswa-siswanya di depan kantor)

·       My rooms are rented for three months.

(Artinya: Kamar-kamar saya disewakan selama 3 bulan)

III.            Active and Passive Voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat.

Contoh

·       Active : Mary   helped   the boy.

S          V         O

·       Passive : The boy    was helped    by Mary.

S                      V        

                  Dari contoh tersebut dapat kita lihat bahwa:

      Object dari active voice (the boy) menjadi subject dari passive voice.

      Subject dari active voice (Mary) menjadi object dari passive voice.

      Verb “helped” pada active voice menjadi “was helped” pada passive voice.

Form of the passive : be + past participle

(be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang        digunakan).

Ø  Change the Active into Passive

1.     Simple Present

Active : Novita helps the boy

Passive : The boy is helped by Novita

2.     Present Progressive

Active : Riska is helping Afyfa.

Passive : Afyfa is being helped by Riska

3.     Present Perfect

Active : Aulia has forgot her old friend.

Passive : Her old friend has been forgotten by Aulia.

4.     Simple Past

Active : Adianto helped the brother.

Passive : The brother was helped by Adianto.

5.     Past Progressive

Active : Indah was giving a chocolate to Jehan

Passive : A chocolate was being given by Indah to Jehan.

6.     Past Perfect

Active : Dony had helped Falikh.

Passive : Falikh had been helped by Dony.

7.     Simple Future

Active : Anita will draw a butterfly.

Passive : A butterfly will be drawn by Anita.

8.     Be going to

Active : Puja is going to buy a pen.

Passive : A pen is going to be bought by Puja.

9.     Future perfect

Active : Leni will have wrote a letter.

Passive : A letter will have been written by Leni.

Ø  Change the Passive into Active

1.     Passive : The floor is swept by me.

Active : I sweep the floor.

2.     Passive : My book was taken by Erlang last week.

Active : Erlang took my book last week.

3.     Passive : My wallet was stolen by the thief yesterday.

Active : The thief steal my wallet yesterday.

4.     Passive : Naturally, trees are used to build damn by the beavers.

Active : Naturally, the beavers use trees to build damn.

5.     Passive : The medical insurance forms must be sent by the patients.

Active : The patients must send the medical insurance forms.

6.     Passive : The employees’ request for a rise in salary was ignored by the supervisor.

Active : The supervisor ignored the employees’ request for a rise in salary.

7.     Passive : Easy loans are provided by the World Bank for the economic development.

Active : The World Bank provides easy loans for the economic development.

IV.            Irregular Verb

Irregular verbs merupakan kata kerja yang tidak beraturan. pemakaian kata kerja ini berdasarkan waktu yang digunakan. kata kerja tersebut dibagi menjadi tiga bentuk,yaitu bi, pt, dan ps.pt yang dalam buku sering mendevinisikan dengan V1, V2,V3.
Berikut merupakan daftar dari verb tersebut : 

No                          Infinitive           Past form                 Past participle

                                  (V1)                    (V2)                            (V3)

1.                            arise                      arose                         arisen

2.                            awake                   awoke                       awoken

3.                            be                          was/were                  been

4.                            bear                       bore                          borne/b0rn

5.                            beat                       beat                           beaten

6.                            become                 became                     become

7.                            begin                     began                       begun

8.                            beset                      beset                        beset

9.                            bet                         bet/betted                 bet/betted

10.                          bid                         bid/bade                   bid/bidden        

11.                          bend                      bent                          bent

12.                          beseech                 besought                   besought

13.                          bind                       bound                       bound  

14.                          bite                        bit                             bitten

15.                          bleed                     bled                           bled

16.                          blow                      blew                          blown

17.                          break                     broke                        broken

18.                          breed                     bred                          bred

19.                          bring                      brought                    brought

20.                          broadcast               broadcast                 broadcast

21.                          build                      built                         built

22.                          burn                       burned                     burned

23.                          burst                      burst                        burst

24 .                         buy                        bought                    bought

25.                          cast                       cast                           cast

26.                          catch                     caught                     caught

27.                          choose                  chose                       chosen

28.                          cling                     clung                        clung    

29.                          come                    came                        come

30.                          cost                       cost                          cost

31.                          creep                     crept                       crept

32.                          cut                         cut                           cut

33.                          deal                       dealt                        dealt

34.                          dig                         dug                          dug

35.                          do                          did                          done

36.                          draw                      drew                      drawen

37.                          dream                    dreamt                   dreamt

38.                          drink                      drank                     drunk

39.                          drive                      drove                      driven

40.                          dwell                     dwelt                       dwelt

41.                          eat                          ate                           eaten

V.              Underline the Subject and Verb in each sentence

Contoh :

1.     Someone   invited  me to a party.

     S                V         

2.     The teacher   is giving  a test in the next room right now.

       S                  V

3.     Rico   will announce  the news tomorrow.

   S               V

4.     The government   requires  international students to have visas.

          S                      V

5.     People   speak  Arabic in many countries.    

    S           V   

VI.            Preposition

Subject + verb                             Preposition                             Noun

The pen is                                                 on                                the table

He lives                                                     in                                 england

Henry is looking                                       for                               you

The newspaper is                                      under                           your green book

Pascal is used                                           to                                 english

She                                                            to                                 working

We ate                                                       before                          coming

Preposition           use                              Example

During (selama)   while in                       During the movie, During the flight

During my stay

For (untuk)                                              for two days, for an hour

From/to                                                    From Saturday to Monday, From 5 to 9

Between               the time period from  Between 1986 and 2012

                                                one to another             Between Saturday and Monday

Until/till               before a certain time  Until/till Sunday 5 o’clock

By                        at the least                  by Tuesday, By next mounth,

 by tomorrow

Contoh kalimat preposition :

1.     Febriandi goes to school by motorcycle

2.     Aulia read novel at library

3.     I am usually Fajr prayer at five o’clock

4.     I am go to village between eid mubarok and eid adha

5.     I am ablution before read al’quran

6.     My family will to stay in puncak for three days

7.     We ate popcorn during watch the movie

8.     My friend will go to puncak from Wednesday to Friday

9.     My book on the bed

10.  I learn english from four o;clock until five o’clock

VII.         Degree of Comparison

Degree of comparison adalah bentuk adjective atau adverb yang menyatakan perbandingan. Ada tiga degree of comparison, yaitu: positive, comparative, dan superlative degree.

Positive                             Comparative                                       Superlative

Good                                      Better                                                  Best

Hot                                         Hotter                                                  Hottest

Sharp                                      Sharper                                               Sharpest

Tall                                         Taller                                                  Tallest

Short                                       Shorter                                                Shortest

Large                                       Larger                                                 Largest

High                                        Higher                                                 Highest

Old                                          Older                                                   Oldest

Young                                     Younger                                              Youngest

Long                                        Longer                                                 Longest

                                                                                          

Positive                                 Comparative                                      Superlative

Honest                                     More honest                                      Most honest

Beautiful                                  More beautiful                                  Most beautiful

Popular                                    More popular                                    Most popular

Reliable                                   More realiable                                   Most realiable

Useful                                      More useful                                      Most useful

Playful                                     More playful                                     Most playful

Intelligent                                 More intelligent                               Most intelligent

Athletic                                    More athletic                                    Most athletic

Interesting                               More interesting                               Most interesting

Difficult                                    More difficult                                  Most difficult

Ø     Comparative degree

Digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal. Kebanyakannya adjective atau adverb satu suku kata ditambahkan akhiran -er, sedangkan dua suku kata atau lebih diawali dengan kata more. Khusus untuk dua suku kata adjective dengan akhiran -y, akhiran tersebut dihilangkan lalu ditambahkan -ier. Ketika berada di dalam kalimat, degree of comparison ini biasanya ditemani kata than.

Contoh :

·       Your body is bigger than me.

·       Anna is younger than David.

·       Chester is older than me.

·       My handphone is more expensive than yours.

·       His brother is more interesting than him.

Ø     Superlative degree

Berfungsi untuk membandingankan tiga atau lebih hal. Mayoritas satu suku katanya ditambahkan akhiran -est, sedangkan lebih dari satu suku kata diawali dengan kata most. Adapun untuk dua suku kata adjective dengan akhiran -y, akhiran tersebut dihilangkan lalu ditambahkan -iest. Ketika berada di dalam kalimat, superlative degree diawali dengan kata the.

Contoh :

·       Agnes Monica is the best singer of the year.

·       He is the tallest boy in my family.

·       Maryati is the most honest person i’ve ever met.

·       Jakarta is the hottest city in Indonesia.

·       The most difficult thing for student is study hard for the exam.

Ø     Make sentences by using Degree of Comparison about the country (Italy, Egypt, Japan, North Korea, and USA)

Comparative:

·       Sphinx statue is more beautiful than Liberty statue.

·       Spaghetti is more delicious than Sushi.

·       Pisa tower is bigger than Monas.

·       The weather in North Korea is hotter than the weather in Japan

·       Pyramid is larger than Sphinx.

Superlative:

·       Kimono is the most beautiful traditional dress.

·       Sahara desert is the hottest desert in Egypt.

·       Pizza is the most popular food in Italy

·       Liberty  is the highest statue in the USA

·       Barack Obama is the most important person in USA.

VIII.       Conditional Sentences

1)     Conditional 1                    

Þ              True in the present / future

·       If + simple present, simple present

Ex: 

-        If I don’t eat breakfast, I always get hungry during the class

·       If + simple present, simple future

Ex :

-         If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get hungry

during the class

2)     Conditional 2

Þ         Untrue in the present / future

·       If + simple past, would / could / might + simple form

                 Ex:           

-        If he were here right now, he would help us.

-        If I had a boyfriend, he would stay with me right now

3)     Conditional 3

Þ         Untrue in the past

·       If + past perfect, would have + verb 3

                 Ex:                       

-        If they had studied, they would have passed the exam.

-        If we had gone by motorcycle to that place, we would have gotten  there faster.

IX.            Adjective Clauses

1.     Who, whom, that = people

-        I saw the man. He clossed the door.

I saw the man who clossed the door.

-        The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him.

The man who I saw was Mr. Jones.

2.     Which, that = thing

-        The book is mine. It is on the table.
The book which is on the table is mine.
The book that is on the table is mine.

3.      Whose = prossesion

-        I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.
I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

4.     Where, which (in), that (in) = a place

-        The building is very old. He lives there.
The building where he lives is very old.
The building in which he lives is very old.
The building that he lives in is very old.

5.      When, that, which (on) = time

-        I'll never forget the day. I met you then.
 I'll never forget the day when i met you.
 I'll never forget the day on which i met you.
 I'll never forget the day that i met you.

X.              Combine the sentences into Adjective Clauses

1.     The girl is happy. She won the race.

The girl who/ whom/that  won the race is happy.

2.     We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.

We are studying sentences that/which contain adjective clauses.

3.     I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.

I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

4.     The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there.

The city where  we spent our vacation was beautiful

5.     1960 is the year. The revolution took place then.

1960 is the year when the revolution took place.

6.     The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.

The taxi driver who/whom/that took me to the airport was friendly.

7.     The book was good. I read it.

The book that/which I read was good.

8.     The town is small. I grew up there.

The town where I grew up is small.

9.     The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday.

The people who we visited yesterday were very nice.

10.  The topic was interesting. Omar talked about it.

The topic which/that Omar talked about was interesting.

Disusun oleh:

1.     Adianto Bagus Cahyadi - 10214252      7. Leni Anggraeni -  16214020

2.     Anita Putri Untari - 11214324               8. M. Falikh Taqi -  16214226

3.     Aulia Rahma -  11214829                       9. Novita Sri Wahyuni - 18214096

4.     Donny Mandala Prima - 13214249       10. Puja Ainul Ravika - 18214541

5.     Indah Listiyanti S - 15214267                11. Riska Ensista S - 19214491

6.     Jehan Faulia T I - 15214623                   12. Siti Afyfa - 1A214330

Kelas : 1EA22

Mata kuliah : Bahasa Inggris 2 #

Dosen : Bu Retno